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The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system that serves four of the five boroughs of New York City in the U.S. state of New York: the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, and Queens.〔The remaining New York City borough, Staten Island, is served by the Staten Island Railway, a rapid transit system also operated by the MTA but not connected physically to the New York City Subway.〕 Its operator is the New York City Transit Authority, which is itself controlled by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority of New York. In 2014, 5.598 million passengers used the system daily, making it the busiest rapid transit system in the United States and the seventh busiest in the world.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Subway and Bus Ridership Statistics 2011 )〕 The present New York City Subway system is composed of three formerly separate systems that merged in 1940: the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT), the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT), and the Independent Subway System (IND). The privately held IRT, founded in 1902, constructed and operated the first underground railway line in New York City.〔Prior to the founding of the IRT, the Beach Pneumatic Transit was an 1869 demonstration for an underground transit system in New York City, measuring in length. The concept, heavily based on pneumatic tubes, was not adopted.〕 The opening of the first line on October 27, 1904 is commonly cited as the opening of the modern New York City Subway, although some elevated lines of the IRT and BMT that were initially incorporated into the New York City Subway system but then demolished predate this. The oldest sections of elevated lines still in operation were built in 1885. The BMT, founded in 1923 and also privately held, was formed from the bankruptcy of the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company. The IND was created by the City of New York in 1921 to be a municipally owned competitor of the two private companies. Unification in June 1940 by the New York City Board of Transportation brought the three systems under one operator. The New York City Transit Authority, created in 1953 to be a public benefit corporation that acquired the rapid transit and surface line (buses and streetcars) infrastructure of the Board of Transportation, remains the operator of the New York City Subway today. The official count of stations is ; however, this tabulation classifies some transfer stations as two or more stations, which are called "station complexes" within the nomenclature of the New York City Subway. If station complexes are counted as one station each, the number of stations is . 32 such station complexes exist. The reason for the higher count generally lies in the history of the New York City Subway: IRT, BMT and IND stations are usually counted separately, particularly if their lines are not parallel and are adjacent to or on another level to each other. Regardless of how stations are counted, the New York City Subway has the largest number of rapid transit stations in the world. Included in the station counts is one station that is temporarily closed: Cortlandt Street on the IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line. The station closed when it was destroyed during the September 11, 2001 attacks. There are numerous other New York City Subway stations that are closed, many of which stem from the demolition of elevated lines once operated by the IRT and the BMT that were made largely but not completely redundant to underground lines subsequently constructed. The newest New York City Subway station is 34th Street – Hudson Yards, opened on September 13, 2015. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority is currently building three new New York City Subway stations as part of the Second Avenue Subway, a long-deferred project intended to relieve congestion on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line (), the busiest rapid transit corridor in the United States. The stations will be located on Second Avenue at 72nd, 86th and 96th streets. Stations that share identical street names are disambiguated by the line name and/or the cross street each is associated with. For example, "125th Street station" can refer to four separate stations: 125th Street on the IND Eighth Avenue Line (), the IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line (), the IRT Lenox Avenue Line (), and the IRT Lexington Avenue Line (). This situation occurs numerous times. ==Station configurations== }} Out of the system's stations, about 280 are underground and about 150 are elevated, the rest are in open cuts, at-grade and on embankments. File:163 St-Amsterdam Ave station.jpg|Typical underground station File:111th Street BMT Jamaica.jpg|Typical elevated station File:21alstindstair.jpg|Typical entrance to an underground station File:30th Av BMT sta jeh.JPG|Typical entrance to an elevated station File:UnionSquareNQRWSubway.jpg|Typical underground station mezzanine File:233 Street exit vc.jpg|Typical elevated station mezzanine Many stations have mezzanines. These allow for passengers to enter from multiple entrances and proceed to the correct platform without having to cross the street before entering. They also allow for crossover between uptown and downtown trains on side platforms or a pair of island platforms, which is very useful when local tracks are closed for construction. Due to the large number of transit lines, one platform or set of platforms often serves more than one service (unlike other rapid transit systems, including the Paris Metro but like some lines on the London Underground). A passenger needs to look at the signs hung at the platform entrance steps and over each track to see which trains stop there and when, and at the arriving train to see which train it is. Almost everywhere expresses run, they run on the inner one (of 3) or two (of 4) tracks, and locals run on the outer two tracks. In a 3-track configuration, the center track can be used toward the center of the city in the morning and away from the center in the evening, though not every 3-track line has that express service. There are a number of common platform configurations: * On a 2-track line, a station may have one center island platform used for trains in both directions, or 2 side platforms, one for a train in each direction. * For a 3-track or 4-track line, local stops will have side platforms and the middle one or two tracks will not stop at the station. * For most 3- or 4-track express stops, there will be two island platforms, one for the local and express in one direction, and another for the local and express in the other direction. Each island platform provides a cross-platform interchange between the local and express services. In a few cases, a 4-track station has an island platform for the center express tracks and two side platforms for the outside local tracks. This occurs only at three stations near major railway stations where the next station along the line is also an express station with the more common platform configuration. The purpose of splitting the platforms is to limit overcrowding by preventing cross-platform interchanges between local and express services. This occurs at Atlantic Avenue – Barclays Center on the IRT Eastern Parkway Line () with an adjacent express station at Nevins Street, where the connection is to the Atlantic Terminal of the Long Island Rail Road; and 34th Street – Penn Station on both the IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line () and IND Eighth Avenue Line (), with adjacent express stations at Times Square – 42nd Street and 42nd Street – Port Authority Bus Terminal, where the connection is to Pennsylvania Station, one of the two major New York City railway stations. This does not occur with the connection to New York's other major station, Grand Central Terminal, at Grand Central on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line (), which has no adjacent express station. There is one notable 6-track local station, DeKalb Avenue, where trains to or from the Manhattan Bridge either stop at the outer tracks of the island platforms (), or pass through and bypass the station on the middle tracks ("express tracks") (). Trains to or from the Montague Street Tunnel () stop across the platform from the respective outer track. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of New York City Subway stations」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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